• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Laser spark plug (1) for an internal combustion engine (2), in particular for a gas engine, with a laser crystal (3) integrated in the laser spark plug (1) and with a combustion chamber optic (4), laser light pulses (5) emerging from the laser crystal (3) via the combustion chamber optic ( 4) in a combustion chamber (6) of the engine (2) can be coupled, wherein in the laser spark plug (1) an optical laser light sensor (7) is integrated, wherein the combustion chamber optics (4) with a laser light sensor (7) facing, preferably curved, and with a mirror provided by the laser light sensor (7) at least a portion of a during the laser light pulse (5) on the reflection surface (8) reflected laser light (9) is detectable.
    公开号:AT513537A1
    申请号:T11312012
    申请日:2012-10-19
    公开日:2014-05-15
    发明作者:Friedrich Gruber
    申请人:Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    • ···················································································································································
    The present invention relates to a laser spark plug having the features of the preamble of claim 1, an internal combustion engine having such a laser spark plug and a method for determining the operating state of such a laser spark plug.
    When based on generic laser spark plugs Laserzündsystemen the spark is generated by focusing an intense, lasting only a few nanoseconds laser light pulse to the ignition in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The laser light can be generated, for example, by means of a pump laser and an ignition laser connected downstream of the pump laser (for example laser crystal). The pump laser used is a semiconductor laser which emits light for several milliseconds and charges the ignition laser. The ignition laser then emits a nanosecond laser light pulse, which is introduced via the combustion chamber window into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
    The generation of the laser light may be subject to degradation over the operating time of the internal combustion engine and the combustion chamber window, through which the laser light pulse is introduced into the combustion chamber, may have transmission losses due to deposits on the combustion chamber side surface.
    In sum, this can lead to a significant weakening of the spark or (in the consequence) to a deterioration of the combustion in the internal combustion engine.
    DE 10 2009 000 911 A1 discloses a laser spark plug with at least one optical sensor integrated in the laser spark plug, which serves to monitor the energy content of the pump radiation for the laser crystal. However, not shown is the detection of the actual interest ignition energy or light intensity, which provides the ignition laser or integrated into the laser spark plug laser crystal. 2/18 • · · ····························································································· ······ ··· · 2
    The object of the invention is to provide a generic laser spark plug, an internal combustion engine and a method for determining the operating state of such a laser spark plug, which makes it possible to carry out a state control with respect to the energy content of the emerging from the laser spark plug ignition energy.
    This object is achieved by a laser spark plug with the features of claim 1, an internal combustion engine with such a laser spark plug and a method having the features of claim 9.
    Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
    By the mirror deflection of a part of a laser light pulse at the mirrored or partially mirrored reflection surface of the combustion chamber optics on the laser light sensor, which may be formed for example as a photodiode, the light intensity of the emerging from the laser crystal laser light pulses can be detected or detected. While in laser spark plugs known in the prior art, the radiation of a pump laser feeding the laser crystal is detected, it is possible with the proposed solution to detect the actually interesting light intensity of the laser light pulses of the laser crystal.
    Preferably, it is provided that the combustion chamber optics comprises a condenser lens, wherein the condenser lens is equipped with the reflection surface, preferably in the edge region of the condenser lens. The location of the mirrored reflection surface on the usually curved surface of the converging lens can preferably be chosen such that the beam path of the part of a laser light pulse reflected at this reflection leads to the laser light sensor which is provided for detecting this reflected laser light.
    In order to reduce the influence of interfering ambient light or scattered light during the detection of the reflected laser light, it can preferably be provided that an optical shutter is connected upstream of the laser light sensor in the direction of the beam path of the laser light incident in the laser light sensor. By a targeted alignment of the laser light sensor on the mirrored reflection surface and attaching an optical aperture can thus be ensured that the laser light sensor detects substantially exclusively the reflected laser light.
    In general, it may be provided that the ignition energy is provided by the laser crystal of the laser spark plug, wherein the radiation of a pump laser is coupled into the laser crystal, wherein for adjusting the ignition energy, the pump power and / or the pumping time of the pump laser is set or, preferably by adjusting the current intensity of the pumping laser supplying pumping current.
    The adjustment of the current intensity of the pump current can be carried out, for example, such that starting from a stored or specifiable cylinder-specific optimum current intensity, the current intensity is slightly changed downwards and upwards and determines the maximum laser light power or the maximum detected by the laser light sensor laser light intensity as a function of the current becomes. This value can then be stored as a new value for the optimal current strength in a memory.
    According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that an additional optical scattered light sensor is integrated into the laser spark plug, by means of which at least part of a scattered light scattered back from the combustion chamber optics during the duration of a laser light pulse can be detected. In particular, it may be provided that the combustion chamber optics comprises a combustion chamber window with a combustion chamber defining the coupling surface, wherein at least part of the scattered by the coupling surface scattered light is detected by the scattered light sensor. In this case, the additional scattered-light sensor may preferably be arranged such that it does not detect or detect the laser light reflected at the mirrored reflection surface, but rather a portion of the scattered light originating from reflections at different regions of the beam passage of the laser light pulses. Since this is inside the • ·· «« · # 4
    Laser scattering candle located scattered light in particular comes from backscattered at the coupling surface of the combustion chamber window laser light pulses, it is thus possible to detect in particular this scattered back from the coupling surface scattered light.
    With a clean combustion chamber window (without deposits) no or almost no radiation should be scattered back into the laser spark plug. By integrating an additional optical scattered light sensor into the laser spark plug, via which backscattered radiation can be detected, it is therefore possible in principle to determine the deposition-related transmission losses on the combustion chamber window by measuring the radiation scattered back at the coupling surface during the laser light pulse.
    Since one knows the transmission losses occurring in a clean, new combustion chamber window (for example, by previous calibration, even when the machine is at a standstill), it can be concluded that a deterioration.
    The deposits on the combustion chamber side of the coupling surface depend in particular on the conditions of use and the service life of the laser spark plug. If an evaluation unit is provided, light intensities of the laser light detectable by the laser light sensor and scattered light detectable by the scattered light being comparable by the evaluation unit, and a difference value of the light intensities of detected laser light and detected scattered light being able to be output by the evaluation unit, the difference between the measurement signals of the two optical sensors are closed on the degree of contamination of the combustion chamber window.
    It is thus possible in particular to initiate appropriate measures to ensure proper engine operation. For example, the pump power and the pumping duration of a pump laser feeding the laser crystal can be adjusted accordingly. However, cleaning procedures can also be initiated or a maintenance requirement can be displayed early. 5/18 • · · ·· ·· 9 • ·· ·· ···
    • ··· ···· I • · · · · · · 5
    Preferably, it can thus be provided that, depending on the comparison of detected laser light with detected stray light, a degree of transmission of the combustion chamber optics, preferably the combustion chamber window of the combustion chamber optics, is deduced, and the ignition energy is set as a function of the transmittance of the combustion chamber optics or of the combustion chamber window.
    It is also possible to provide a further optical sensor integrated in the laser spark plug with a different frequency sensitivity relative to the laser light sensor and / or scattered light sensor. For example, it can be provided that the laser light sensor and / or scattered light sensor is tuned to the wavelength of the laser light pulses entering the combustion chamber and the further optical sensor is tuned to the main emission spectrum of the combustion light.
    This different frequency sensitivity of the further optical sensor relative to the laser light sensor or scattered light sensor and / or the different time of detection of the radiation by the respective sensors can be used to distinguish between an ignition event in the combustion chamber and a subsequent combustion.
    By quantifying the transmittance or the transmission losses due to the deposits on the combustion chamber window, it is also possible to correct the measured values for the light intensity from the combustion chamber detected by the further optical sensor.
    The optical sensors (laser light sensor, scattered light sensor, further optical sensor) are preferably arranged in a region of the laser spark plug between the combustion chamber optics and the laser crystal. For thermal and optical reasons, it is advantageous to position it on the housing wall at a maximum distance to the combustion chamber optics or their combustion chamber windows.
    With the invention it is possible to realize various control strategies: Detecting or quantifying a degradation of the ignition laser 6/18 Indexing of service measures (for example cleaning of the combustion chamber window) Determining the rate of contamination of the combustion chamber window as a function of the running time of the engine (trend analysis ) and estimation of the remaining running time until the limit value for the combustion chamber window contamination is reached, or indexing of service activities - inclusion of the transmission losses at the combustion chamber window for the correct evaluation of the combustion light detected by the further optical sensor from the combustion chamber - adjustment of the laser pulse power and the number of pulses based on the determined transmission value and the degradation of the pump laser - determination of combustion relevant parameters from the ratio of the amplitudes of the time-varying intensity ratios of the Lichtint determined by the optical sensor entities (combustion-relevant parameters are, among others: combustion misfire, lambda, ignition delay, burning time, load, knock, glow ignition).
    In general, it can also be provided in each case not to place the optical sensor (s) themselves at the indicated positions, but to connect the optical sensor (s) in each case one optical fiber and to place the input of the optical fiber at the described positions. Thus, the sensors themselves can be placed independently of the position of detection of the radiation.
    As optical sensors photodiodes are preferably used. The internal combustion engine is preferably designed as - in particular stationary - gas engine (gas Otto engine).
    Further advantages and details of the invention will become apparent from the figures and the associated description. Showing:
    Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a proposed laser spark plug and Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a proposed internal combustion engine. • · · · · · · ♦ ♦ ♦ • · · · · · · · · · · • · · ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦ · · · • · · · · · · · · · · · · ♦ ♦ · · 7
    Figure 1 shows a proposed laser spark plug 1 with an integrated laser crystal 3, which may be formed for example as Nd: YAG pulse laser. The laser crystal 3 is fed by a pump laser 18 with pump energy in the form of radiation 17. The laser light pulses 5 emerging from the laser crystal 3 are coupled via a combustion chamber optics 4 into a combustion chamber 6 of an internal combustion engine 2, not shown here. The combustion chamber optics 4 comprises in this example a converging lens 10 and a combustion chamber window 14 with a combustion chamber 6 defining the coupling surface 15, via which the laser light pulses 5 are coupled into the combustion chamber 6. In the edge region, the converging lens 10 has a reflecting surface 8 formed in accordance with its curved surface, which is provided with a mirror coating to reflect laser light pulses 5 arriving thereon to a correspondingly placed laser light sensor 7 as laser light 9. An optical aperture 11 is arranged on the laser light sensor 7 so that the laser light sensor 7 primarily detects the reflected laser light 9 and this detection is not superimposed by undesired scattered light 13.
    An additionally integrated in the laser spark plug 1 optical scattered light sensor 12 detects a scattered light 13 formed by backscattering of the laser light pulses 5 on the combustion chamber optics because a large part of this scattered light 13 is formed by backscattering of the laser light pulses 5 on the combustion chamber side contaminated by deposits coupling surface 15 of the combustion chamber window 14, This scattered light sensor 12 primarily serves to detect the scattered light 13 scattered back from this coupling-in surface 15.
    The light intensities of reflected laser light 9 or scattered light 13 detected by the laser light sensor 7 and the scattered light sensor 12 are output in the form of optical or corresponding electrical signals to an evaluation unit 16, which compares these light intensities and performs a subtraction of these measurement signals. Depending on the difference of the detected light intensities, the contamination or the degree of transmission of the combustion chamber window 14 can be subsequently concluded, and the ignition energy can be adjusted accordingly as a function of the transmittance of the combustion chamber window. This can be done by adjusting the current of the 8/18 • 8 · 18 ··············································································
    Pump laser 18 (e.g., a VCSEL pump laser) is adjusted to vary the pump power and / or the pumping duration of the pump laser 18, respectively.
    FIG. 2 schematically shows the arrangement of the laser spark plug 1 relative to a combustion chamber 6 of an internal combustion engine 2 (not shown in more detail), which corresponds to the state of the art.
    Innsbruck, 17.10.2012 9/18
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    •··················································································································································································· 1. Laser spark plug (1) for an internal combustion engine (2), in particular for a gas engine, with one in the laser spark plug (1) integrated laser crystal (3) and with a combustion chamber optics (4), wherein from the laser crystal (3) exiting laser light pulses (5) via the combustion chamber optics (4) in a combustion chamber (6) of the internal combustion engine (2) can be coupled, wherein in the laser spark plug (1) an optical laser light sensor (7) is integrated, characterized in that the combustion chamber optics (4) with a the laser light sensor (7) facing, preferably curved, and provided with a reflective reflection surface (8), wherein through the Laser light sensor (7) at least a portion of a during the duration of a laser light pulse (5) on the reflection surface (8) reflected laser light (9) is detectable.
    [2]
    2. laser spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber optics (4) comprises a converging lens (10), wherein the condenser lens (10) with the reflection surface (8) is provided, preferably in the edge region of the converging lens (10).
    [3]
    3. laser spark plug according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the laser light sensor (7) in the direction of the beam path of the laser light sensor (7) incident laser light (9) is preceded by an optical aperture (11).
    [4]
    4. laser spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the laser spark plug (1) an additional optical scattered light sensor (12) is integrated, by the at least part of a during the duration of a laser light pulse (5) of the combustion chamber optics (4 ) scattered back scattered light (13) is detectable.
    [5]
    5. laser spark plug according to claim 4, characterized in that the combustion chamber optics (4) comprises a combustion chamber window (14) with a combustion space (6) limiting the coupling surface (15), wherein by the scattered light sensor 10/18 • ··· ··· · ··· • φ · φ φ ··· φ φ φ • · φ · · ··· · · · φφφ * φ φ φ φ ··· · φ φφ φφ φφ ·· ··· · 2 (12) at least one Part of the scattered light from the coupling surface (15) scattered light (13) is detectable.
    [6]
    6. laser spark plug according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that an evaluation unit (16) is provided, by the evaluation unit (16) light intensities of the laser light sensor (7) detectable laser light (9) and of the scattered light sensor (12) detectable scattered light ( 13) are comparable.
    [7]
    7. laser spark plug according to claim 6, characterized in that from the evaluation unit (16) a difference value of the light intensities of detected laser light (9) and of detected scattered light (13) can be output.
    [8]
    8. Internal combustion engine (2), in particular gas engine, with a laser spark plug (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7.
    [9]
    9. A method for determining the operating state of a laser spark plug (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7 with respect to the of the laser spark plug (1) by laser light pulses (5) in a combustion chamber (6) of an internal combustion engine (2) introduced ignition energy, wherein the from a laser crystal (3) of the laser spark plug (1) exiting laser light pulses (5) via a combustion chamber optics (4) are coupled into the combustion chamber (6), characterized in that a part of a during the duration of a laser light pulse (5) at one with a mirror coating provided reflective surface (8) of the combustion chamber optics (4) reflected laser light (9) by a in the laser spark plug (1) integrated optical laser light sensor (7) is detected.
    [10]
    10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the ignition energy is provided by the laser crystal (3) of the laser spark plug (1), wherein the radiation (17) of a pump laser (18) is coupled into the laser crystal (3), wherein for adjusting the pumping power and / or the pumping duration of the pump laser (18) is / are adjusted, preferably 11/18. By adjusting the current intensity of a pumping current (19) supplying the pump laser (18).
    [11]
    11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least part of a during the duration of a laser light pulse (5) from the combustion chamber optics (4), preferably from a combustion chamber window (14) of the combustion chamber optics (4), scattered back scattered light (13 ) is detected by an additional optical scattered light sensor (12) integrated in the laser spark plug (1).
    [12]
    12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that by an evaluation unit (16) light intensities of the laser light sensor (7) detected laser light (9) and of the scattered light sensor (12) detected scattered light (13) are compared, preferably a difference value of the light intensities of detected laser light (9) and detected scattered light (13) is output.
    [13]
    13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that depending on the comparison to a transmittance of the combustion chamber optics (4), preferably the combustion chamber window (14) of the combustion chamber optics (4), is closed, and the ignition energy as a function of the transmittance of the combustion chamber optics (4 ) or the combustion chamber window (14) is set. Innsbruck, 17.10.2012 12/18
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    法律状态:
    2021-06-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20201019 |
    优先权:
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    US14/051,648| US9316201B2|2012-10-19|2013-10-11|Laser spark plug|
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